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The Sunday Times: The Month 2004 October
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Morse code was invented by an American named Samuel
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Finley Breese Morse (1791 ΓÇô 1872). Samuel Morse wanted to
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be an artist, but when he found that he couldnΓÇÖt make a living
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by painting, he started
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In 1832, during a long voyage from Europe to America, Morse
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began to think about how electricity might be used to transmit
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messages along wires and started to make up codes. When he
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got home he set about putting his ideas into practice and, by
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capable of sending a message down
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To send a message, Morse translated what he wanted to say
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into a code made up of dots and dashes, or dits and dahs, as
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they are also known. The coded message could then be sent as
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a series of electrical signals. At the other end, the message
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was either printed out as dots and dashes, or heard as sounds
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on a speaker, which could then be translated back into English.
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In 1843, Morse was asked by the American Congress to build
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a test line between Baltimore and Washington DC to show how
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his system worked. The demonstration, a year later, was a huge
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success, and it wasnΓÇÖt long before companies were using the
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telegraph to send messages in Morse code all over the USA.
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The system soon spread to
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In the 1890s, it became possible to send Morse code
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messages by radio, as well as down wires, which meant that
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ships could start communicating using dots and dashes.
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The use of Morse at sea gave rise to the famous
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indicating an emergency and requesting urgent assistance.
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In April 1912, RMS Titanic became one of the first ships to
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send an SOS using Morse code when she struck an iceberg and
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started to sink. SOS in Morse remained the official signal for
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distress at sea until February 1999, when it was replaced by
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satellite communication systems.